Advances in Genetic Codon Expansion of Pyrrolysine Orthogonal Translation
Genetic codon expansion technology utilizes orthogonal translation systems to achieve site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into target proteins by reprogramming codons.This technology extends the structure and function of proteins and has great potential in biotechnology,pharmaceutical research and other fields.The pyrrolysine orthogonal translation system has become a widely used codon expansion tool due to its unique orthogonality and substrate specificity.This article begins with an introduction to the key components and optimization methods of the pyrrolysine orthogonal translation system,including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA mutation strategies and non-canonical amino acid supply optimization strategies.Furthermore,various types of non-canonical amino acids incorporated by pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase variants are assembled and condensed.Next,the frontier progress of the pyrrolysine orthogonal translation system in protein function regulation,biomedical research,and non-L-α-amino acid coding is summarized to provide an overview.Finally,the current opportunities and challenges for the development of the pyrrolysine orthogonal translation system are explored.
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