Application of Nanotechnology in Cryopreservation of Sperm
The cryopreservation of sperm is a primary technique utilized for artificial insemination and the conservation of animal germplasm resources.During cryopreservation and rewarming,sperm motility,integrity,and vitality are compromised,thereby impacting sperm fertilization potential.Nanoparticles(NPs)have demonstrated the ability to protect against free radicals and oxidative stress that occur during cryopreservation.The advancement of nanotechnology has led to the creation of a diverse array of NPs materials with varying properties and customization options.These tailored nanoparticles have been specifically designed for use in sperm cryopreservation and have exhibited regenerative capabilities in repairing damaged sperm during the freeze-thaw process.This review examines the utilization of metal/metal-containing nanoparticles,non-metallic element nanoparticles,bioactive molecular nanoparticles,and nanovesicles in the cryopreservation of sperm in order to elucidate their potential applications in this field.