Regulation of PIN-FORMED-mediated Polar Auxin Transport in Plant Gravitropism
Plant tropisms are the directional growth response of plants to environmental stimuli such as light or gravity.In gravitropism,plant organs sense directional environmental cues to control growth orientation to promote their survival.The phytohormone auxin and its polar transport serve as a major coordinative signal in plant gravitropism.The PIN family auxin exporters,through their dynamic polar subcellular localizations at the plasma membrane(PM),redirect polar auxin transport in response to environmental stimuli,thus the auxin gradients across tissues or organs underlie differential cell elongation and bending,which regulates the morphological formation and growth process of plants.In this review,we focus on recent advances in the mechanisms underlying the perception and signal transduction of gravity that take place within the sensing cells in the early process of gravitropism,the regulatory mechanisms of PIN-mediated auxin polar transport,PIN polar localization,and PM protein abundance.
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