摘要
单细胞多组学技术为生命科学和医学注入新的活力,能够从更微观的细胞尺度、更高维的时空角度、更交叉的组学视野来探索生命的未知、拓展医学的边界.单细胞蛋白质组学是从时间和空间上研究单个或单一类型细胞的蛋白质表达异质性.尽管存在通量、灵敏度、分辨率等技术难点,基于质谱的细胞尺度的时空蛋白质组学技术凭借无偏检测、鉴定种类多、定量准确等特点而备受关注.本文综述了近年来单细胞蛋白质组学的发展,从单细胞分选、样品前处理、质谱检测和数据分析四个方面介绍相关技术进展,并探讨了其在生命科学与医学等研究中的应用,展望了未来面临的挑战和发展前景.在单细胞水平上进行时空蛋白质组学研究的挑战与机遇并存,而新兴的单细胞蛋白质组学技术无疑将为相关研究领域提供新的思路方法、认知线索和多模态数据等宝贵资源.
Abstract
Single-cell multi-omics technologies have brought new vitality into life sciences and medicine and enable us to explore the unknowns of life and expand the boundaries of medicine from a more microscopic cellular scale,a higher-dimensional spatial-temporal perspective,and a more intersectional vision of genomics.Single-cell proteomics(SCP)is the study of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of protein expression in a single or a single type of cell.Despite technical difficulties such as throughput,sensitivity,and resolution,mass spectrometry-based cell-scale spatiotemporal proteomics technologies have attracted much attention due to its characteristics of unbiased detection,multiple identification types and accurate quantification.This paper reviews the development of single-cell proteomics in recent years,introduces the related technological advances in four aspects,namely,single-cell sorting,sample pre-treatment,mass spectrometry detection,and data analysis,and discusses its applications and prospects for development in life science and medical research.Spatiotemporal proteomics research at the single-cell level presents both challenges and opportunities,and the emerging single-cell proteomics technologies will undoubtedly provide new ideas and methods,cognitive clues,and multimodal data,and other valuable resources for related research fields.
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