论智能行为的演化——从激进生成认知的视角看
On the Evolution of Intelligent Behaviors:From the Perspective of Radical Enactive Cognition
黄翔1
作者信息
- 1. 复旦大学 哲学学院,上海 200433
- 折叠
摘要
对动物心灵和认知的自然化理解需要同时给出两个说明:(Ⅰ)动物与人有哪些心灵与认知能力;(Ⅱ)人的心灵与认知能力在哪些方面不同于动物的心灵与认知能力.在进行这两个说明的过程中,常常会遇到两种陷阱:一方面,超智能主义陷阱将民间心理学用来言说人类认知能力的概念(如表征、信念、意识等)滥用于动物认知,从而使得在对(Ⅰ)进行说明的过程中容易将隐喻当成实在性的描述;另一方面,极端物理功能主义陷阱将动物与人共有的神经系统对外在刺激的因果功能反应能力赋予了过多的说明力,从而使得在对(Ⅱ)进行说明时面临说明鸿沟或"难问题".文章通过区分人类认知演化过程中的四种智能行为,论证了激进生成认知在给出上述两个说明时可以成功地避免这两种陷阱,并且优于目的论语义学.
Abstract
The naturalizing understanding of animal mind and cognition needs to simultaneously offer two explana-tions:(Ⅰ)What mental and cognitive capacities do animals share with humans?(Ⅱ)What mental and cognitive ca-pacities of humans are different from those of animals?Two pitfalls should be avoided when we seek the explana-tions.On the one hand,hyperintellectualism tends to misapply the notions of folkpsychology(such as representa-tion,belief,consciousness.etc.)to animal cognition,as a consequence,turning the metaphorical usages into in-appropriate realistic interpretations in explaining(Ⅰ).On the other hand,radical physical-functionalism tends to over attribute the explanatory power to the neuron system's capacity of reacting causally and functionally to the ex-ternal stimuli,as a consequence,inevitably leaving an explanatory gap or"the hard problem"in explaining(Ⅱ).After distinguishing four kinds of intelligent behaviors,we argue that the evolutionary relations between the intelli-gent behaviors help us to see that Radical Enactive Cognition is a good theoretical resource to avoid the two pitfalls,more plausible than the teleosemantic alternatives.
关键词
动物智能/超智能主义/目的论语义学/表征主义/心灵的演化Key words
animal intelligence/hyperintellectualism/teleosemantics/representationalism/evolution of mind引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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