From"Europeanization"to"Chineseization":MAO Dun on How to Learn the"National Form"of Literature
The"national form"controversy is considered one of the"three academic debates in modern China",in which MAO Dun was an important participant,and his works are also recognized as representatives of the"national form".As a"fellow traveler",MAO Dun's thinking about"how to learn the'national form'of literature"is in a way misplaced and even adapted,which is especially of historical value.MAO Dun continued the thinking of LU Xun and QU Qiubai,but he did not agree with the extreme denial of the"May Fourth Movement"in the debate on the popularization of literature and art and the"national form".He was able to vigorously defend the vernacular lan-guage movement and the spirit of enlightenment in the review of"Europeanization".He shared the views with HU Shi and others on looking at the"May Fourth Movement"through"Renaissance"and"Song Dynasty Modernism",but argued for being grounded in a broader social perspective,looking for the basis of cultural generation from the changes in political and economic class and the bottom of social production mode,and accordingly refuting the the-ory of"folk form"as the central source,and hoping to learn the"national form"from the immortal and classical civic literature.On the basis of reflecting on the civic romance literature,MAO Dun went on to propose the creation of a full,robust and beautiful national literary form,echoing the national renaissance trend of the 1930s and 1940s,and advocating the unity of reason and emotion,the ideal and the romantic,representing the rise of realism with neo-classical style in China,and promoting the transition from"Europeanization"to"Chineseization"of the new literature and art.
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