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关于《清忠谱》"事俱按实"的历史书写

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《清忠谱》是明末清初戏曲家李玉的一部传奇名剧,该剧改变了明初十部传奇九相思的、以曲词绮靡为审美的"才子佳人"喜剧窠臼.经过以李玉为代表的"苏州派"传奇作家的不断书写,明末清初戏曲在风格上逐渐由"绮靡"转向"雅驯",由"才子爱情"剧转向了"政治现实"剧.这也是以李玉为代表的由明入清的遗民作家经历"国破"之后"实学"思潮在文学上的思考.吴梅村特别指出其价值在于"事俱按实".但后来学者根据《曲海总目提要》所载《清忠谱》乃"补史传之阙",认为该剧是一部严格意义上的"历史剧".显然,这是对吴梅村"事俱按实"的误读.因为,传奇毕竟不同于史书,从某种意义而言,李玉的《清忠谱》所叙事件、人物皆为真实记载,细节上也以生活真实为原则.《清忠谱》并非第一部叙述"苏州民变"的历史剧,而是对此前十几部剧作的"再创作",在历史事件的细节上进行了创造性"改编".
On the Historical Writing of"Presenting Everything as It Is"in Qing Zhong Pu
Qing Zhong Pu is a legendary drama by LI Yu,a dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,which changed the comedy stereotype of"gifted scholars and beautiful women"in the early Ming dynasty.After the continuous writing of the legendary writers of Suzhou School represented by LI Yu,the style of opera in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties gradually changed from"beautiful"to"elegant",and from"talented people's love"to"political reality".This is also the thinking of the trend of"practical learning"in literary history after the author LI Yu and other adherents from Ming dynasty to Qing dynasty experienced the"national destruction".WU Meicun pointed out in particular that its value lay in"presenting everything as it is".However,later scholars thought that Qing Zhong Pu contained in Quhai General Catalogue was a"historical drama"in a strict sense,for it filled in the gaps of history.Obviously,this is a misreading of WU Meicun's"presenting everything as it is".The author of this paper thinks that legends are different from history books after all.In a sense,the events and charac-ters described in LI Yu's Qing Zhong Pu are all true records,and the details are true to life.Qing Zhong Pu is not the first historical drama to describe the"Suzhou Civil Uprising",but a"re-creation"of more than a dozen previous dramas and a creative"adaptation"of the details of historical events.

Qing Zhong Pupresenting everything as it isadaptationre-creation

张涛

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北京外国语大学中国语言文学学院,北京 100089

《清忠谱》 事俱按实 改编 再创作

国家社会科学基金一般项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项

21BZW1162023JJ006

2024

山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
山西大学

山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.423
ISSN:1000-5935
年,卷(期):2024.47(3)
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