Echoes of Zhu Zi's"Distinction between Cautiousness and Watchfulness over Himself"in South Korea
South Korean scholars responded in more detail to Zhu Zi's"distinction between cautiousness(戒惧)and watchfulness over himself(慎独)",which derived different positions of respecting him or opposing him.The former has a detailed debate on whether the cautious state in not seeing and not hearing is both active(动)and passive(静)or only passive,what"not seeing and not hearing"specifically refer to,and whether cautiousness and watchfulness over himself are same concept or different one.The debate deepens the later generations'understand-ing of Zhu Zi's"cautiousness involving both active engagement and passive lack of awareness",and clarifies the basic position of"not seeing and not hearing is a serene and silent state when the heart remains untouched,the state that speaks volumes of form and place in its silence".The latter has not only fundamentally negated Zhu Zi's basic position in interpreting the first chapter of The Doctrine of the Mean,but also completely negated metaphysi-cal definition of the Nature,the Reason and the Tao,advocating the thinking of"practical direction",and starting the trend of thought against Neo-Confucianism before DAI Zhen.
ZHU Xicautiousnessactive and passivenot seeing and not hearingcultivating one's moral charac-ter and integrity
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