Wall crack is detected through MATLAB graphics processing toolbox.Original image is segmented using threshold segmentation method.Cracks are separated from background.The edge detection of the binary im-age and the false color filling in the connected area of the image to mark the wall surface crack can improve the de-tection efficiency of the wall surface crack,the fractal theory is introduced to quantitatively evaluate the damage de-gree of wall crack,which is a complex form.The results show that the fractal dimension can effectively characterize the damage degree of wall crack.