Research progress on the uptake and transport pathways and regulatory mechanisms of heavy metals in plants
This paper comprehensively discusses the pathways of heavy metals into the plant root epider-mis,the short-range transport pathway through the horizontal transport of coplanar and plasmodesmata,and the long-range transport pathway through the xylem and phloem for loading and unloading.The transport of heavy metal ions by the coplanar pathway is slow,while the transport of heavy metal ions by the extra plastid pathway has low resistance to migration and high rate.Cell wall adsorption and resolution are en-dogenous factors affecting the transport of heavy metal ions into the root xylem via the cytoplasmic ectodo-main pathway,but the development of the Casparian strip and suberin in the root cortex,which constitute the ectodomain barrier,can block the ectodomain pathway of heavy metal ion migration to the xylem.Plant transpiration and root pressure provide the driving force for the long-distance transport of heavy metal ions in the xylem and are related to the transpiration rate of plants.The mechanism of plant detoxification and tolerance to heavy metals is mainly induced by the production of metallothionein,the formation of phytoch-elating peptides(PCs)in stressed plants and the regionalization of heavy metals by vesicles.
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