Research Advances in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Enhancing the Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi can establish a symbiotic relationship with 80%to 90%of vascular plants and produce an extensive mycelium network that connects plant roots,soil,and rhizosphere mi-croorganisms.At present,AM fungi are recognized as a valuable tool for enhancing the phytoremediation of oil contaminated soil.This paper provides a review of the effects of petroleum on AM fungi and community struc-ture,the beneficial effect of AM fungi on plants,and the synergistic actions of AM fungi with other microorgan-isms or substances to enhance phytoremediation.To offer essential and scientific support for future phytoremedi-ation research,the following directions can be explored:(1)Search and select the combination of AM fungi and host plant species for different oil and soil,and establish a combination library;(2)Explore the ecological prob-lems of AM fungi in this micro ecosystem,including niche,population dynamics,and related influencing factors;(3)Study the mechanism by which AM fungi degrade petroleum or enhance the tolerance and degradation of host plants to oil using molecular methods and genetic engineering.
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