The underground ventilation system in coal mines is an important facility for ensuring safe production in mines,and its potential faults can directly affect the normal production of mines and the safety of workers'lives.This paper analyzed the common faults and hidden dangers of underground ventilation systems in coal mines,and proposed corresponding indentification methods and countermeasures.By strengthening the daily maintenance and management of the ventilation system,improving the ability to prevent and handle faults,the reliability and safety of the mine ventilation system can be effectively enhanced,providing strong guarantees for coal mine safety production.