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后期维特根斯坦对他心问题的消解

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他心问题有唯我论和怀疑论两路分支,但是二者均未彻底解决"我"是否知道他者心灵存在这一问题.后期维特根斯坦通过考察感觉语词提出如下观点:人们对语词意义的理解与私人的心理体验相关联.在后期维特根斯坦看来,他心问题与语词的意义相等同.尽管语词可以通过实指定义来获得意义,但是却受到指示物缺失、释义、语境等因素的影响,因而指称具有不对称性.后期维特根斯坦通过批判私人语言,把他心问题纳入日常语言范畴,说明语言游戏为人们的语言提供了公共规则和约定,使其获得语词的使用方法,实现交流的目的,从而消解他心问题.
Later Wittgenstein's Resolution to Other-mind Issue
Other-mind issue has two branches:solipsism and skepticism,but neither of them has completely solved the issue.By examining the sensory words,the later Wittgenstein proposed that a per-son's understanding of the meaning of words is related to his private mental experience.As for him,the other-mind issue was equal to the meaning of words.Although words can gain meaning through ostensive definition,they are affected by factors such as the absence of referent,interpretation,and context,so their references are asymmetric.By criticizing private language,the later Wittgenstein includes other-mind issue into the category of ordinary languages,and explains that language games provide public rules and conventions for people's language,so that they can obtain the use of words,achieve the purpose of com-munication,and thus resolve the other-mind issue.

other mindsreferencelanguage gamesprivate languageordinary language

牛鸣、沈学甫

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天津外国语大学 欧美文化哲学研究所,天津 300204

天津外国语大学 通识教育学院,天津 300204

他心 指称 语言游戏 私人语言 日常语言

2024

绍兴文理学院学报
绍兴文理学院

绍兴文理学院学报

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.267
ISSN:1008-293X
年,卷(期):2024.44(5)