The Implementation of Tung Oil Dirigisme by the Nanjing National Government Before the Full-scale War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
Prior to the outbreak of the Full-scale War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,tung oil,a unique Chinese product and valuable military resource,topped the exports list.However,China didn't hold sway over the global tung oil trade.The National Government tried to impose dirigisme on tung oil to bolster its economic development and,simultaneously,utilize it as a tool to tactically maneuver on the international stage.Amid the negotiations concerning the barter trade between China and Germany,Germany expressed a substantial demand for tung oil from China.Seizing the opportunity,the National Government promptly rolled out dirigisme over tung oil.The tung oil trade in China,prior to the Full-scale War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,followed a market pattern that revolved around Hankou,controlled by foreign merchants and was export-oriented predominantly towards the United States,Germany,and Britain.Imposing dirigisme without drastically altering the existing social structure implies the forceful intrusion of governmental power into the prevailing market order,thereby unavoidably touching upon the interests of relevant parties.To lessen the resistance and enhance the effectiveness of dirigisme,the National Government made numerous adaptations to the system design.On one hand,it embarked on a gradual process of imposing dirigisme under the guise of reformation.On the other hand,spearheaded by the Ministry of Industry,it collaborated with local governments and merchants,aiming to incorporate local businessmen into the dirigiste system via a public-private partnership in hopes of conserving dirigisme overheads.While the local government in Hubei and oil merchants showed ambiguous and at times obstructive attitudes,the British and American governments continuously lodged protests,which consequently led to discrepancies within the system design during the implementation phase.Robust policies met weak execution,which shows that the power of the National Government merely seeped into the tung oil market structure to a restricted extent,and the effectiveness of dirigisme was not fully demonstrated.
Before the Outbreak of the Full-scale War of Resistance against Japanese AggressionTung oilthe Nanjing National GovernmentExport Trade DirigismeChina Vegetable Oil Corporation
万方数据
维普
