On the Writing of the Multifaceted Humanism:From the Perspective of the Debates on Hebrew Between Leonardo Bruni and Giannozzo Manetti
For a long time,scholars have an important tendency to define the humanists as an organized and unified group or force when writing about Renaissance humanism,thinking that they have a common political orientation and theoretical basis,which inevitably overemphasizes their commonality at the expenses of their complexity,and ignores the changes of humanism with the evolution of Italian economy,politics and society.As a result,a biased or rigid understanding of humanism emerges from this mindset.Bruni and Manetti,both prominent Florentine humanists,engaged in a debate in the mid-fifteenth century over whether to learn Hebrew.The debate not only reveals the multiple facets of humanism,namely,the diversity of the origins of humanism,the complicated relationship between the Renaissance and social-political realities,the turn of humanism in the second half of the fifteenth century and the dark side of humanism,but also provides a window for us to understand more accurately the nature of the Renaissance and humanism,to break through the Western modernization narrative of the Renaissance,and to construct a Chinese knowledge system on the Renaissance.
RenaissanceHumanismLeonardo BruniGiannozzo ManettiKnowledge Production