冷战为什么会终结:西方学界的四种解读路径与争论
Why Did the Cold War End:Four Interpretive Approaches and Debates in Western Academia
夏亚峰1
作者信息
- 1. 华东师范大学历史学系、社会主义历史与文献研究院 上海,200241;美国纽约长岛大学
- 折叠
摘要
历经40多年的东西方冷战为什么在1991年终结,西方学者对此有比较深入的研究.关于冷战终结的原因,学者们提出了不同的解释,大致可以归纳为以下四种叙事路径:关注物质因素的作用,主要考察苏联力量的衰退、世界科技进步对这一历史进程的影响;关注思想观念的变化,主要考察其对苏联领导集团和苏联东欧国家的影响;关注历史人物,主要考察其在冷战终结过程中发挥的重要作用;从另类全球化的视角来观察,认为东欧国家是相互连接的世界的塑造者,是全球供应链中的重要一环,1989年东欧剧变是当地精英对全球化形式的一次选择.研究冷战终结以及20世纪80年代末90年代初国际体系的变化,既要重视历史人物的作用,也要兼顾较长时段的经济、社会、观念的变化对这一历史进程的影响.冷战终结不是某项政策或某个人所能单独主宰和决定的.
Abstract
The conclusion of the East-West Cold War in 1991 has sparked extensive scholarly inquiry,yielding diverse interpretations regarding its causes.This article delineates four interpretive frameworks prevalent in Western academia:first,examine the role of material factors,such as the decline of Soviet power and the impact of technological advancements on this historical trajectory;second,explore the shift of ideological paradigms and their influence on Soviet leadership and Eastern European countries;third,underscore the pivotal contributions of key historical figures to the Cold War's conclusion;and fourth,offer insights from the vantage point of alternative globalization,portraying Eastern European countries as pivotal actors in shaping a globally interconnected world.The upheavals in Eastern Europe in 1989 are seen as manifestations of local elites'strategic choices within the broader context of globalization.This study emphasizes the need to consider not only individual actors but also long-term economic,social,and ideological changes when analyzing the Cold War's conclusion and changes in international system in the late 1980s and early 1990s.It contends that no single policy or historical figure dominated and determined the conclusion of the Cold War.
关键词
冷战终结/物质因素/思想观念/历史人物/另类全球化Key words
Conclusion of the Cold War/Material Factors/Ideology/Historical Figures/Alternative Globalization引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD245)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(暨南宁静致远工程之暨南领航项目)(23JNLH14)
国家社科基金一般项目(23BSS039)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据