The Evolution of the Sanitary System in Modern Shanghai International Settlement
The evolution of the sanitary system in modern Shanghai International Settlement reflected the process of departmental reorganization and institutional reform,and the need of the Shanghai Municipal Council to maintain its own administrative authority and legitimacy.In terms of departmental reorganization,the sanitary institutions of the Shanghai Municipal Council could be traced back to the establishment of health inspectors and health officers,and then the establishment of the Sanitary Department,the Sanitary Board and the Public Health Department.Viewing from the perspective of maintaining administrative authority,the Shanghai Municipal Council had established connections with multiple institutions in Shanghai via public health management in exchange for the support of the judicial,military and customs systems.The reorganization of the sanitary system of the Shanghai International Settlement is not simply a replacement of system,but also shows the complex interactive relationship of the Shanghai Municipal Council in the multiple network systems of East Asia,which is of great significance for understanding the characteristics of municipal construction of modern Chinese treaty ports.
Shanghai Municipal CouncilInternational SettlementPublic HealthMunicipal ConstructionEast Asia
NETL
NSTL
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