摘要
目前,中国石油油气勘探开发由隆起区向盆地斜坡、湖盆中心、盆地周缘不断拓展,目的层由中浅层向深层-超深层、对象由常规向非常规油气不断扩展,勘探开发面临探区更复杂、目标更隐蔽、作业难度更高等难题.针对陆上高难度探区地震勘探,中国石油强化地震资料采集、处理、解释等技术攻关,形成了"两宽两高(宽方位、宽频、高密度、高覆盖)"采集、"双高(高分辨率、高保真)"处理、真地表成像处理、叠前储层定量预测等技术系列,支撑了高难度探区勘探持续突破和储量长期稳定增长,实现油气产量稳中有升.以上成果的取得,得益于物探技术理念的转变,提出了"油气在地质家的脑海里,更藏在高品质的地震资料里"的找油找气新理念;得益于把握住了陆上地震勘探技术突破的牛鼻子,提出了"目标在深层,问题在浅层,关键是速度,核心是精细"的技术思路;得益于管理思路的创新与转变,建立了完整的物探技术管理体系,使各探区地震资料品质大幅度全面提升.这种认识上的突破和管理创新将指导下一步陆上油气地震勘探技术向全方位、高密度、全数字、多参数、自动化、智能化、全波形、全波场等方向发展.
Abstract
At present,CNPC's oil and gas exploration and development are expanding from the uplift area to the basin slope,lake basin center,and basin periphery.The target layer is expanding from medium and shallow layers to deep and ultra-deep layers,and the object is expanding from conventional oil and gas to unconventional oil and gas.The exploration and development are faced with more complicated exploration areas,more hidden targets,and more difficult operations.In response to the problems of seismic exploration in highly difficult ex-ploration areas on land,CNPC has strengthened technical research on seismic acquisition,processing,and in-terpretation and formed a series of technologies such as'acquisition of wide azimuth,broadband,high density,and high fold',processing of'high resolution and high fidelity',true surface imaging processing,and quantita-tive prediction of pre-stack reservoirs,which have supported continuous breakthroughs in exploration of highly difficult exploration areas and long-term stable growth of reserves,and achieved stable and rising oil and gas production.The above achievements benefit from the change in the concept of geophysical exploration tech-nology,which brings the new concept of oil and gas exploration,'oil and gas are not only in the mind of geolo-gists but also hidden in high-quality seismic data'.In addition,thanks to the grasp of the breakthrough of seis-mic exploration technology on land,the technical idea of'the target is located at deep layers;the problem emerges at the near-surface;the velocity serves as the key,and the refinement remains as the core'is pro-posed.Benefiting from the innovation and transformation of management ideas,a complete geophysical explo-ration technology management system has been established,which greatly improves the quality of seismic data in each exploration area.The breakthrough in understanding and management innovation will guide the develop-ment of onshore oil and gas seismic exploration technology to the all-directional,high-density,all-digital,multi-parameter,automated,intelligent,full-waveform,full-wave field,and other directions.
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