首页|差压步进钻头提高破岩速度原理及现场试验

差压步进钻头提高破岩速度原理及现场试验

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井底岩石承受较大的原地应力作用,且随着井深增加原地应力呈增大趋势.原地应力的存在增加了岩石的压实程度,导致岩石坚硬、可钻性差、研磨性强等问题,成为破岩工具切削效率低、使用寿命短和钻井速度慢的最主要原因之一.针对此背景,提出释放井底部分原地应力弱化地层抗钻特性提高破岩速度的理念,研发一种可释放井底部分原地应力弱化地层抗钻特性且能够集中钻压强化攻击能力的差压步进钻头,该钻头充分利用钻井过程中的井底钻压波动,实现扩眼钻头与领眼钻头钻压动态分配及钻进过程交替进行的目标,通过弱化地层、强化攻击及转化振动三重效果提高破岩速度.为验证差压步进钻头的应力释放效应,建立三维流固耦合的阶梯井底应力场模型,并在江苏油区某区块砾石层井段开展 3 口井的实钻试验.结果表明:阶梯井底能够使阶梯处岩石更易破碎;小直径领眼钻头应力释放效果较好;随着地层深度的增加,差压步进钻头应力释放效果更加显著,应力释放比约为 60.2%;差压步进钻头提速效果显著,砾石层钻速较牙轮钻头提升可达 161.89%,最高提速 318.11%.
Mechanism and field testing of improving rock breaking efficiency by using a step-type drilling bit with self distributing of drilling pressure
The rock at the bottom of the well bears large in-situ stress,and it increases with the increase of the well depth.The in-situ stress can cause compaction of the rock,resulting in problems during well-drilling,such as poor drillability and strong abrasiveness,which is one of the main reasons for low cutting efficiency,short service life and slow drilling speed of rock breaking tools.In this study,a novel method was proposed for releasing in-situ stress at the bottom of the well to weaken the drilling resistance of the formation and improve the rock breaking speed,and a step-type bit was developed.The bit makes full use of the fluctuation of the weight on bit(WOB)to achieve the goal of dynamic distribution of WOB between rea-ming bit and leading bit during alternate drilling process.The rock breaking efficiency of the new bit can be improved by three effects,namely,weakening the rock formation,strengthening the impact and transforming the vibration.In order to verify the stress release effect of the step-type bit,a three-dimensional fluid solid coupling stepped bottom hole stress field model was established,and the field tests of three wells were carried out in the gravel formation of a block in Jiangsu oil re-gion.The results show that the rock at the step is more easily to break.The bit with small diameter leading bit has better stress release effect.With the increase of formation depth,the stress release effect of the step-type bit is more significant,and the stress release ratio is about 60.2%.The drilling speed of the step-type bit is significantly increased.The drilling speed is increased by 161.89%compared to the cone bit,with a maximum increase of 318.11%.

well drillingdownhole in-situ stressformation drilling resistancestep-type drill bit with self distributing of drilling pressurestress releaserock fragmentation

刘永旺、李坤、管志川、刘嘉雄、呼怀刚、陈小元、王委、赵国山、张曙辉

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深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东青岛 266580

中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东青岛 266580

中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京 102200

中国石化集团华东石油工程有限公司江苏钻井公司,江苏邵博 212001

中石化经纬有限公司胜利定向井公司,山东东营 257061

西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都 610500

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钻井 井底原地应力 地层抗钻特性 差压步进钻头 应力释放 岩石破碎

国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项中石油重大科技项目国家自然科学基金面上项目国家自然科学基金面上项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项

2021YFE0111400ZD2019-183-005520743245197432019CX02065A

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2024.04.010

中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)
中国石油大学

中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.169
ISSN：1673-5005
年,卷(期)：2024.48(4)
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