Dynamic load characteristics of different parts in aircraft should be considered in the design of modern aircraft. In view of the particularity in usage mode of large firefighting amphibious aircraft,gravity center overload and pressure response of hull bottom during water landing were analyzed by fluid-solid cou-pling method,dynamic loads during fire-fighting water dropping and climbing to departure for aircraft were investigated based on the aerodynamic minimum-state fitting technology,and dynamic loads under the action of discrete gust and continuous turbulence were calculated using modal method principle and power spectrum model. Results show that calculation on water landing load for large fire-fighting amphibious aircraft should involve the effects of landing posture,forward flight speed,sinking velocity and water surface wave. The re-sponse of dynamic load during fire-fighting water dropping is not large,whereas it increases remarkably dur-ing climbing to departure with high angle. Dynamic load under discrete gust is the same magnitude as static load,but structure strength should be supplemented and checked. The results provide some references for structural design of large firefighting amphibious aircraft.