Alternative Capital Nature of Tourism:From a Triple Perspective
Tourism capital embodies strong attributes of both economic and non-economic capital.Existing tourism research has predominantly focused on economic capital,often neglecting non-economic capital and lacking a comprehensive understanding of its relationship with economic capital.This study employs a combination of case-based deduction and inductive analysis to construct an exploratory theoretical framework,examining alternative forms of tourism capital,namely,the attributes and functions of non-economic capital,from the perspectives of tourism consumers,operators,and destinations.The findings reveal that:(1)The capital accumulated and held by operators is not only reflected in financial assets but also in significant social capital.The relational operational field provides conditions for tourism operators to establish social network links.Furthermore,bridging social capital and bonding social capital are generated based on open and heterogeneous social networks.(2)Tourism consumers can acquire unique cultural capital through tourism experiences and geographical mobility,thereby gaining the potential for social mobility.(3)From the destination perspective,destinations acquire attention capital and symbolic capital through the development of tourism resources,enabling certain rural destinations to ascend from lower to upper strata within local hierarchies.This study offers an expanded direction for understanding the attributes and functions of tourism capital.
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