Preparation and application of the copper nanostructure-modified electrode in the electrochemical quantitative analysis of glucose and nitrite
[Objective]Nanomaterials are materials with nanoscale dimensions of 1-100 nm.Nanoscale structures or nanoscale features within a material are referred to as nanostructures.These structures can be engineered or naturally occurring and exhibit unique properties and behaviors due to their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio.Examples of nanostructures include nanoparticles,nanowires,nanotubes,nanopores,and nanofilms.The manipulation and control of nanostructures have led to advancements in various fields,such as electronics,medicine,energy,and materials science,due to their improved properties and functionalities at the nanoscale level.A nanostructure-modified electrode for electrochemical sensing is an electrode surface intentionally modified or decorated with nanomaterials to enhance its electrochemical sensing capabilities.This modification involves integrating nanostructures onto the electrode surface,such as nanoparticles,nanowires,or nanofilms.[Methods]Incorporating nanomaterials onto the electrode surface provides several advantages for electrochemical sensing.First,the large surface area-to-volume ratio of nanostructures allows increased active surface area,facilitating more efficient electrochemical reactions and improving sensitivity.Second,nanomaterials can exhibit unique properties,such as high catalytic activity or specific selectivity toward certain analytes,which can enhance the detection performance and selectivity of the sensor.Moreover,the nanoscale dimensions of these structures can enable faster mass transport of analytes to the electrode surface,leading to improved response times.Nanostructures with unique physical and chemical properties can significantly enhance the performance of electrochemical reactions when combined with electrode surfaces.High-performance portable sensors prepared by modifying electrodes with nanostructures have broad application prospects in environmental monitoring,healthcare diagnostics,and food safety.[Results]In this experiment,indium tin oxide(ITO)conductive glass,which requires no polishing and can be disposable,was used as the substrate working electrode.A copper nanostructure-modified ITO(Cu/ITO)electrode was prepared using a one-step electrodeposition method,which utilizes an electrochemical cell to deposit copper nanoparticles onto the ITO substrate electrode surface from a solution containing CuSO4 and H2SO4.By controlling the electrochemical parameters(applied potential and deposition time),a porous copper nanoparticle film was deposited onto the ITO substrate.The size and morphology of the copper nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,while the composition and crystalline were analyzed by X-ray diffraction.The fabricated Cu/ITO electrode was used for the highly sensitive and selective determination of glucose and nitrite ions through electrochemical methods.[Conclusions]This experiment translates the latest scientific research into a research-oriented experiment for the"Instrumental Analysis Experiment"course.Topics closely related to daily life are selected,and comprehensive experimental operations and training are provided,which familiarize students with the preparation methods of nanomaterials,the working principles of modern analytical instruments,and their application areas.Through the construction,performance testing,and practical applications of two different principled sensors,students will gain an understanding of the basic process of scientific research,cultivate their ability to think critically and engage in hands-on experimentation,and stimulate their interest in scientific research,thereby comprehensively enhancing their scientific literacy and innovative skills.
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