Interdisciplinary integrated comprehensive experiment teaching based on the photoelectrochemical analysis
[Objective]Innovative approaches to chemistry experiment teaching,which incorporate interdisciplinary integration,have emerged as a crucial strategy for modernizing experimental courses and fostering students'practical skills,engineering acumen,problem-solving abilities,and interdisciplinary thinking.Photoelectrochemical analysis,a dynamically evolving and promising experimental technology based on the photoelectrochemical process,epitomizes cutting-edge interdisciplinary integration,drawing insights from diverse fields such as chemistry,materials science,semiconductor physics,optics,biology,and more.This cutting-edge technology provides fertile ground for the development of new instances of interdisciplinary integrated comprehensive experiment teaching.In this paper,photoelectrochemical analysis technology is introduced into comprehensive chemistry experiment teaching classes for the first time.[Methods]This paper presents a case of comprehensive chemistry experimental teaching focusing on the photoelectrochemical detection of cysteine through a direct redox reaction strategy at the interface of photoelectrodes constructed using tungsten oxide(WO3)nanomaterials as the photoactive layers.Throughout the comprehensive experiment class,students actively participated in the preparation of photoactive materials and photoelectrodes,as well as in the photoelectrochemical analysis of cysteine.The WO3 nanomaterials were synthesized through a consecutive procedure involving ion exchange,sol-gel processing,and heat treatment.The WO3 nanomaterials were characterized via Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy.The photoelectrodes were fabricated through the drop-casting of WO3 suspension onto the ITO surface,followed by heat treatment.Photoelectrochemical measurements were conducted in a three-electrode cell,with a WO3-decorated ITO photoelectrode serving as the working electrode and a cysteine-containing phosphate buffer solution as the electrolyte.[Results]The chemical structure,crystal structure,microstructure,and photoactive properties of the synthesized WO3 nanomaterials were characterized through FTIR,XRD,SEM,and absorption spectroscopy,respectively.The WO3-decorated ITO photoelectrode exhibited significant photocurrent density with excellent stability under visible light irradiation.The presence of cysteine as the electron donor in the electrolyte solution facilitated interfacial redox reactions of the photoelectrodes,resulting in an enhanced photocurrent response.In the cysteine concentration range of 0.2 to 40 μmol·L-1,the photocurrent density response exhibited a strong linear correlation with the cysteine concentration,and a low detection limit of 0.16 μmol·L-1 was achieved.The photoelectrochemical analysis of cysteine demonstrated remarkable selectivity against other types of amino acids.The conceptualization and implementation of photoelectrochemical analysis highlight interdisciplinary integration within comprehensive chemistry experiment teaching.This integration spans the acquisition of knowledge in photoelectrochemistry and photoelectrochemical analysis,from fundamentals to applications,comprehensive experimental skills,and design capabilities.Moreover,the integration fosters students'research interests and exploratory spirit.[Conclusions]A comprehensive chemistry experiment case based on interdisciplinary integration through photoelectrochemical analysis was proposed.A WO3 semiconductor material was synthesized via an ion exchange/sol-gel method and employed as the photoactive layer in the photoelectrode.Cysteine was detected through a direct redox reaction strategy at the photoelectrode interface.This experiment integrates knowledge from photoelectrochemistry,analytical chemistry,and other disciplines,aiming to enhance students'skills in experimental operation and data analysis.Moreover,it shapes interdisciplinary scientific thinking and promotes innovative practice awareness through the acquisition of multidisciplinary knowledge.The teaching approach emphasizes scientific,practical,and interdisciplinary aspects to guide students toward developing awareness of interdisciplinary integration and cultivating innovative practical abilities.This paper presents a promising approach for achieving integrated educational goals by imparting knowledge,cultivating capabilities,and shaping values in comprehensive experimental teaching.
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