摘要
托卡马克装置是一种磁约束核聚变实验装置,其运行需要超高温、高真空和强磁场环境,建设费用高昂,本科生直接接触和了解磁约束核聚变实验装置和实验运行的机会非常少.该文基于3D建模、动画仿真和数值模拟等技术,高度还原我国托卡马克大科学装置真实的实验场景,设计虚拟仿真实验,实现托卡马克实验装置360°全方位仿真参观展示、磁约束核聚变等离子体物理参数测量、形象化观测等离子体粒子运动轨迹,以及归纳总结实现磁约束的实验条件等教学方案设计.
Abstract
[Objective]Nuclear fusion energy,with its abundant fuel sources,low environmental impact,and high safety and reliability,is expected to meet future human energy needs.The Tokamak is the leading international nuclear fusion device,requiring ultrahigh temperatures,high vacuum,and strong magnetic fields for operation,which makes it expensive to construct.Consequently,there are limited opportunities for undergraduate students to directly engage with and learn about magnetic confinement fusion experiments and operations.[Methods]A virtual simulation experiment has been designed for undergraduate courses,replicating the real experimental scenarios of major scientific facilities in China.Utilizing three-dimensional(3D)modeling,animation,and numerical simulation technologies,this virtual experiment offers a 360° virtual tour of the Tokamak experimental device.It enables students to assemble precise diagnostic equipment,measure the physical parameters of magnetically confined fusion plasmas,and observe particle trajectories within the plasma.The experiment also explores the conditions necessary for achieving magnetic confinement.Based on the fundamental principles of plasma equilibrium in Tokamak magnetic confinement fusion,the simulation demonstrates the 3D spatial distribution of plasma within the vacuum vessel.Students can select the shape of the last closed magnetic flux surface,adjust parameters like plasma current,and interactively measure parameter distribution profiles.Using actual experimental device parameters or independently designing their own,students can reproduce particle trajectories in the plasma equilibrium field.By setting parameters such as particle type and initial incident velocities,students can obtain different 3D particle trajectories and measure their projections on the toroidal cross-section.This allows them to summarize the experimental conditions that lead to"captured"or"passing"particles.[Results]The experiment offers insights into the composition and functions of the Tokamak experimental device,including the assembly of a fast-moving probe and electromagnetic measurement apparatus.Through the simulation,participants can observe the following:① Three different types of last closed magnetic flux surfaces exhibited similar plasma confinement characteristics,specifically confining high-temperature,high-density,and high-pressure plasma in the central region of the vacuum vessel.② While the trajectory shapes for different particle types are similar,the orbital radii vary owing to differences in characteristic energy(velocity)among particles.③ Given an initial incident position and velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field,a higher initial velocity parallel to the magnetic field increases the likelihood of producing"captured particles",whereas a lower parallel velocity tends to result in"passing particles."The distance that the orbit deviates from the magnetic surface is directly proportional to the particle's velocity.[Conclusions]This virtual simulation experiment offers students an immersive experience with the large-scale scientific Tokamak experimental device.It features an open setup,encouraging students to independently design experimental schemes,deepen their understanding of Tokamak plasma physics processes,and enhance their experimental skills to innovate and advance.The virtual experiment also provides real-time feedback,allowing students to track their progress and evaluate their experimental performance.
维普
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