Extraction Process Optimization of Polysaccharides from Mycelium and Fruiting Body of Morchella importuna and Their Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities
The effects of extraction time,temperature,and liquid-to-solid ratio on contents of polysaccharides from Morchella importuna mycelium(MIMP)and fruiting bodies(MIFP)were studied by single-factor experiment.Then the optimal extraction parameters were determined through response surface design.MIMP and MIFP were then analyzed for their structures,and compared for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for MIMP were extraction time 166 min,extraction temperature 86 ℃,and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 31∶1(mL∶g).Under the optimal conditions,the polysaccharide content reached(54.25±1.30)％ ,closely matching the theoretical predicted value of 55.14％ .MIMP was primarily composed of glucose,mannose,and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.71∶0.11∶0.07,and its weight-average molecular weight(Mw)and number-average molecular weight(Mn)were 5.082×104 and 3.160x104 g.mol-1,respectively.For MIFP,the optimal extraction conditions were extraction time 161 min,extraction temperature 86 ℃,and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 31∶1(mL∶g),under which the polysaccharide content was(39.85±1.55)％ and consistent with the response surface prediction value of 40.14％ .MIFP was mainly composed of glucose,mannose,and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.42∶0.31∶0.22,and its Mw and Mn were 1.263×104 and 8.345×103 g·mol-1,respectively.Both MIMP and MIFP showed scavenging activities against ABTS,DPPH,and hydroxyl radicals,with scavenging rates of 74％ and 53％ against ABTS,61％ and 46％ against DPPH,and 78％ and 51％ against hydroxyl radicals,respectively.In the range of 0.1-1.0 mg·mL-1,the free radical scavenging rates of MIMP and MIFP gradually increased,with MIMP showing higher activity than MIFP at the same concentration.Both MIMP and MIFP stimulated NO release from RAW264.7 macrophages at 25-100 μg·mL-1,and there was no significant difference between them.This study provided a reference for the development of M.importuna polysaccharides in mycelia and fruiting bodies.
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