Objective To explore the effect of volume viewer vertebral volume measurement in thoracolumbar fracture with intravertebral bone grafting.Methods The clinical data of patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected.The preoperative CT scan data of the fractured ver-tebrae of the patients were analyzed using Volume viewer,a post-processing workstation with AW Siever 3.2,to accurately calculate the preoperative vertebral volume of the fractured verte-brae.Patients with<50%volume loss of the injured vertebrae were categorized as the low loss group,and those with ≥50%volume loss of the injured vertebrae were categorized as the high loss group,The postoperative height changes of the fractured vertebrae and the occurrence of re-compression were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 70 patients were includ-ed,including 37 in the low-loss group and 33 in the high-loss group.The preoperative volume of the fractured vertebra and the height of the anterior margin of the vertebral body were significantly lower in the patients in the high-loss group than in the low-loss group(P<0.05).The recovery of vertebral anterior margin height in the immediate postoperative period and at the last follow-up was lower in the high-loss group than in the low-loss group(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative re-compression in the high-loss group was higher than that in the low-loss group(48.5%vs 10.8%,P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative re-compression was higher in patients with bone graft in the low loss group than in patients without bone graft(25.0%vs 9.1%,P=0.380);and the inci-dence of postoperative re-compression in patients with bone graft was lower than that in patients without bone graft in the high loss group(30.0%vs 56.5%,P=0.260),but none of the differ-ences were statistically significant.Conclusion The incidence of postoperative re-compression in patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fracture can be high when the preoperative loss of vertebral body volume is ≥50%.Bone grafting of the fractured vertebral body might have the po-tential to reduce the incidence of postoperative re-compression.