量子算法对比特币区块链攻击的研究
Research on bitcoin blockchain attacked by quantum algorithm
于涧 1闫芳序 1王剑辉 1于泽翔2
作者信息
- 1. 沈阳师范大学 数学与系统科学学院,沈阳 110034
- 2. 东北大学悉尼智能科技学院,沈阳 110819
- 折叠
摘要
以比特币为核心交易货币的区块链技术分布在一个去中心化的P2P网络中,近年来在如医疗、金融、智能制造等多个领域的市场中展现出了蓬勃的生机,极具发展前景.然而量子技术的不断发展进步对区块链的安全性能产生了极大的冲击.首先阐述比特币网络中PoW共识算法对哈希函数的依赖性和交易事务中数字签名ECDSA加密算法的工作原理,而后针对2类具有潜在威胁性的量子算法——Grover算法和Shor算法——对比特币区块链的攻击机制展开分析.得出结论:Grover算法可对PoW中的SHA256哈希函数进行快速求解,有望在未来完成攻破;Shor算法可通过ECDSA加密算法中的公钥信息推导出私钥,从而窃取交易成果.最后列举了几种改进算法以应对量子攻击.
Abstract
The blockchain technology based on bitcoin as the core trading currency is distributed in a decentralized P2P network.In recent years,it has shown vigorous vitality and great development prospects in markets such as medical,financial,and intelligent manufacturing.However,the continuous development and progress of quantum technology has had a great impact on the security performance of the blockchain.Firstly,this paper expounds the dependence of PoW(proof of work)consensus algorithm on hash function in bitcoin network and the working principle of digital signature ECDSA(elliptic curve digital signature algorithm)encryption algorithm in transaction.Then,we analyze the attack mechanism of two kinds of potentially threatening quantum algorithms-Grover's algorithm and Shor algorithm on bitcoin blockchain,and conclude that Grover algorithm can quickly solve the SHA256 hash function in PoW,which is expected to be broken in the future.The Shor's algorithm can derive the private key from the public key information in the ECDSA encryption algorithm,thereby stealing the transaction results.Finally,this paper lists several improved algorithms to deal with quantum attacks.
关键词
比特币/区块链/量子攻击/共识机制/数字签名Key words
bitcoin/blockchain/quantum attacks/proof of work(PoW)/digital signature引用本文复制引用
基金项目
教育部产学研合作协同育人项目(22060022827110)
辽宁省教育厅服务地方项目(LFW202004)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据