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深度域保真与高分辨期望成像子波

Depth domain expected imaging wavelet with high-fidelity and high-resolution

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
地震分辨率在地震数据采集、地震波成像处理和地震地质解释各阶段都具有非常重要的指导性意义.以地震子波主频、优势频带甚至倍频程为标志的地震分辨率描述方法已经不能满足当前及今后以岩性储层描述为目标的地震勘探需求,需要给地震分辨率赋予新的内涵.根据地震波反演成像理论,指出决定成像结果分辨能力的是Hessian算子(或成像子波),而决定Hessian算子的因素包括激发和接收地震子波、采集孔径(宽方位和长偏移距)、偏移速度场和偏移算子.认为成像子波完整的振幅谱形态决定了它的分辨能力.从成像分辨率定义切入,讨论了地震分辨率的内涵及其影响因素,将地震分辨能力归结为成像剖面上成像子波的分辨能力,进一步分析认为拥有低中频占优的宽带振幅谱的成像子波具有更强的分辨能力.根据深度域保真与高分辨成像子波的物理含义及给定目标层位保真分辨的需求,提出了期望成像子波的概念,给出了当前成像子波的旁瓣不畸变相邻地层反射子波的主瓣幅值是保真分辨的定义,保真分辨是高精度宽带弹性参数(宽带波阻抗)重构的必要条件.上述与成像分辨率相关的新概念对以宽方位、宽频带、高密度和高信噪比地震数据采集技术+FWI反演成像技术为代表的新时期的实际地震数据的采集、成像处理和地震地质解释具有更明确的指导意义.
The concept of seismic resolution has very important guiding significance in seismic data acquisition,seismic imaging and seismic geological interpretation.The description method of seismic resolution using dominant frequency,dominant frequency band and even octave of seismic wavelet is insufficient for seismic exploration targeting lithologic reservoirs at present and in the future;so it is necessary to give new connotation to seismic resolution.According to the theory of seismic inversion imaging,the resolution of imaging results is determined by the Hessian operator,which is also called point spread function(PSF),or imaging wavelet,in imaging analysis.The factors that determine the Hessian operator(or imaging wavelet)include source wavelet and wavelet at re-ceiver point,acquisition aperture(wide azimuth and long offset),migration velocity field and migration operator.For the imaging wavelet itself,its complete amplitude spectrum determines its resolution.This article starts with the definition of imaging resolu-tion and discusses the connotation and influencing factors of seismic resolution.Seismic resolving power comes down to the resol-ving power of the imaging wavelet.Further analysis suggests that imaging wavelets with broadband amplitude spectra dominated by low to medium frequencies exhibit stronger resolving power.Based on the physical interpretation of depth-domain fidelity and high-resolution imaging wavelet,as well as the requirements for true resolution at a target layer,we propose the concept of expec-ted imaging wavelet,based on which fidelity resolution is defined to be the main-lobe amplitude of a reflection wavelet from an ad-jacent formation.Fidelity resolution is a necessary condition for high-precision broadband elastic parameter(broadband wave im-pedance)reconstruction.The above new concepts related to imaging resolution have a clearer guiding significance for the acquisi-tion,imaging and geological interpretation of seismic data in the new era represented by seismic data acquisition with wide azi-muth,wide frequency band,high density and high signal-to-noise ratio and FWI inversion.

seismic resolutionfidelity and high resolutionsource wavelet and receiver waveletimaging waveletpoint spread func-tionexpected imaging wavelet

盛燊、王华忠、吴成梁、许荣伟、聂振波、辛可锋

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同济大学海洋与地球科学学院波现象与智能反演成像研究组,上海 200092

中国石油集团东方地球物理公司物探技术研究中心,河北涿州 072751

地震分辨率 保真与高分辨 激发与接收地震子波 成像子波 点扩散函数 期望成像子波

中石油集团前瞻性基础性项目国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家重点研发计划变革性技术关键科学问题重点专项

2021DJ350142174135420741432018YFA0702503

2024

10.12431/issn.1000-1441.2024.63.04.005

石油物探
中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院

石油物探

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.094
ISSN：1000-1441
年,卷(期)：2024.63(4)
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