Advances in the application of surface plasmon resonance sensors for rapid detection of biomolecules
Objective A biosensor is an instrument that is sensitive to biological substances and converts observable biochemical reactions into measurable physical quantities.Biosensors consist of molecular recognition elements(such as antibodies,aptamers,and proteins),transducers(such as oxygen electrodes and photodiodes),and signal amplification devices.The analyte diffuses into the molecular recognition element,which identifies it and undergoes a biological reaction.The information generated is converted by the transducer into quantifiable and processable signals such as sound,light,or electricity,which are then amplified and output by the signal amplification device,thereby determining the concentration of the analyte.Biosensors can be categorized by their detection principles into types such as thermometric biosensors,piezoelectric biosensors,optical biosensors,and mediator biosensors.They have widespread applications in food testing,environmental pollution monitoring,clinical diagnostics,and drug discovery.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors are a type of optical biosensor that offer advantages such as label-free detection,high selectivity,high sensitivity,simplicity,reliability,low cost,and real-time response.They are widely used for the rapid detection of antibiotics,bacteria,viruses,biotoxins,heavy metals,proteins,and nucleic acids.This review summarizes the principles,detection methods,and recent applications of SPR in rapid detection,aiming to provide a reference for related research.
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