Thalidomide,a synthetic glutamate derivative,was marketed in Germany in 1957 as a sedative and antiemetic nonbarbiturate and was later banned from production and sale because of its teratogenic effects.In recent years,the pharmacological effects of thalidomide have been extensively studied,and many studies have demonstrated that thalidomide possesses a variety of pharmacological activities,including inhibition of angiogenesis,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor activity,analgesic and anti-fibrotic.Although thalidomide has a wide range of biological activities,its poor aqueous solubility,low oral bioavailability,and poor pharmacokinetic properties limit its use in clinical practice.To overcome these shortcomings,domestic and foreign researchers have designed and developed a large number of structurally novel and active thalidomide derivatives by chemically modifying the thalidomide parent skeleton.The progress of the structural modification of thalidomide and its activity in the past 20 years is summarized to provide a reference for the further development of thalidomide derivatives.
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