Advances and perspectives in the study of the genetic mechanism and organic matter enrichment models of marine fine-grained sediment
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global advances in the study of the characteristics,origin,and organic matter enrichment model of marine fine-grained sediments.These sediments,mainly composed of clay minerals,quartz,carbonate minerals,and organic matter,are predominantly transported by four geological agents:wind,hypopycnal plumes,hyperpycnal plumes,and bottom currents.They exhibit clayey and silty laminae;single,sequential,and alternating laminasets;and massive,graded,and alternating beds.Covering three major types of sedimentary facies,namely turbidite,bottom current,and pelagic to semi-pelagic facies,as well as their transition types,the sediment demonstrates two organic matter enrichment models under high productivity and enhanced preservation.In the high productivity-derived model,the organic matter enrichment in black shales typically involves upwelling currents,oxygen-minimum zones(OMZ),and nearshore photic zone euxinia(PZE).In the enhanced preservation-related model,the enrichment principally involves restricted basins,improved restricted basins,irregular bed form,expanding puddles,transgressive chemocline,and transgressive nearshore(TN)zones.Current challenges in the research on the genetic mechanism and facies models of marine fine-grained sediments primarily include non-standard terminology,undefined origins of different mineral compositions,and the difficulty in distinguishing among three sedimentary facies:fine-grained turbidite,contourite,and semi-pelagic facies.Further research is required to address these issues.
material compositiontransporting agentbeddingfacies modelorganic matter enrichmentfine-grained sedimentology
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