Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound(TVCDS)in the diagnosis of uterine incision pregnancy(CSP)and its impact on the detection rate.Methods A total of 52 suspected CSP patients from March 2019 to March 2023 were included,all of whom underwent transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound(TACDS)and TVCDS examinations.The diagnostic efficacy and detection rates of different subtypes of the two ultrasound techniques were evaluated based on surgical results.Results Among the 52 suspected CSP patients,42 were ultimately diagnosed,among which TVCDS had higher accuracy(83%)and sensitivity(88%)than TACDS(63%and 62%)(P<0.05).There was no difference in specificity between the two ultrasound techniques(P>0.05).The surgical results showed that among 42 CSP patients,there were 14 cases with mixed mass type,25 cases with simple gestational sac type,and 3 cases with uterine cavity type.Among them,the detection rate of TVCDS mixed mass type(93%),simple gestational sac type(92%),and total detection rate(88%)was all higher than those of TACDS(57%,64%and 62%)(P<0.05).There was no difference in the detection rate of uterine cavity type between the two ultrasound techniques(P>0.05).Conclusion TVCDS can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of CSP diagnosis,increase the detection rate of CSP typing,and it's worth promoting.