Objective:To investigate the effect of substituting Lysimachia christinae in Lidan Paishi Liquid(LDPS)with Desmodium styracifolium or Lysimachia congestiflora on the prevention and treatment of renal calculi in rats.Methods:Three formulations were prepared:LDPS,LDPS-G(LDPS with Desmodium styracifolium as a substitute for Lysimachia christinae),and LDPS-J(LDPS with Lysimachia congestiflora as a substitute),following the manufacturing method of Lidan Paishi Tablets in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.A rat model of renal calculi was established by administering ethylene glycol combined with ammonium chloride via gastric gavage for 4 consecutive weeks.Drug-treated rats received a dose of 1.5g/kg via gastric gavage.Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta,and both kidneys were excised for observation of external morphology,weighing of kidney mass,and calculation of kidney coefficient.Renal tissue homogenates were prepared.The concentrations of calcium ions in serum and renal tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while oxalic acid concentrations were measured by chromotropic acid colorimetry.Renal pathological sections were observed for the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.Results:Compared with the blank group,the kidney coefficient in the model group was significantly increased.There was no significant difference in kidney coefficient between the drug-treated groups and the model group(P>0.05).Compared with the blank group,the concentrations of calcium ions and oxalic acid in renal tissue of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while those in serum were significantly decreased.In all drug-treated groups except the LDPS group,the concentrations of calcium ions and oxalic acid in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and those in renal tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in calcium ion and oxalic acid concentrations in renal tissue between the drug-treated groups and the model group.Regarding serum calcium ion concentrations,only the LDPS group showed a significant increase(P<0.05),while the other groups showed no significant changes.For serum oxalic acid concentrations,only the LDPS-J group showed no statistical significance,with significant increases observed in all other groups(P<0.05).Compared with the LDPS group,no statistically significant differences in calcium ion and oxalic acid concentrations in renal tissue and serum were found between the LDPS-G and LDPS-J groups.HE staining revealed obvious clusters or scattered calcium oxalate crystals in renal tissue sections of the model and drug-treated groups compared to the blank group.Compared with the model group,the number of crystals in renal tissue was significantly reduced in the LDPS group,while no significant differences were observed in the LDPS-G and LDPS-J groups.Conclusion:The method of inducing renal calculi in rats by ethylene glycol combined with ammonium chloride is feasible.LDPS has a certain effect in preventing the formation and accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in rat kidneys.However,substituting Desmodium styracifolium in LDPS with Lysimachia christinae or Lysimachia congestiflora reduces the preventive and therapeutic effects on renal calculi in rat models.
Lysimachia christinaeDesmodium styracifoliumLysimachia congestifloraLidan Paishi LiquidRatsRenal calculiPrevention and treatment
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