The International Organization for Standardization(ISO)officially published ISO 22163:2023 Rail-way applications-Railway quality management system-ISO 9001:2015 and specific requirements for application in railway sector on July 25,2023,which is the first international standard of quality management system specifically for railway industry setor,and replaces the technical specification ISO/TS 22163:2017 Railway application-Quality management system-Business management system requirements for rail organization:ISO 9001:2015 and particular requirements for application in the railway sector.In order to facilitate enterprises to carry out benchmarking and plan-ning certification,the main differences between ISO 22163:2023 and ISO/TS 22163:2017 are compared,and the main differences in seven aspects are analyzed,such as application scope,terminology,reference standards,appendi-ces,mandatory process,recommended process,mandatory and recommended performance indicators(PI).