In order to solve the occasional control instruction transmission anomaly problem in the data transmission system of the existing rail grinder during application,the design principles of the existing system′s hardware and soft-ware were comprehensively sorted.By analyzing the data recorded by the recorders on multiple vehicles and during multiple operations,and using the method of simulating faults in the laboratory to locate the root cause of the problem,the optimization plan were proposed,in which adding hardware interrupt control,optimizing the dual-port RAM data handshaking protocol,and optimizing the CAN bus data transmission and receiving protocol and other funtions are in-cluded.After being tested in the laboratory,and field installed on the vehicle and application,the feasibility of the above plan is fully verified,which can greatly improve the stability of the existing data transmission system.