车钩设置防脱台是防止车钩垂向分离的有效措施,但防脱台对机车车辆动力学性能影响尚不明确.以国内典型的2万t重载组合列车从控机车和货车为研究对象,建立考虑车钩防脱台的从控机车-货车相互作用分析模型,分析防脱台的作用效果,研究连挂车钩初始高度差、机车电制动力和车间纵向拉钩力对防脱台受力及机车车辆动力学性能的影响,并给出防脱台垂向高度合理取值的建议.结果表明:防脱台能有效避免车钩垂向分离,连挂车钩与防脱台间相互作用对轮轨垂向力影响较小;钩舌连挂面润滑时,当连挂车钩初始高度差大于30 mm,防脱台开始起约束作用,其最大受力随初始高度差的增大略有增大;机车电制动力对防脱台最大受力影响较小,而防脱台最大受力随纵向拉钩力的增大近似线性增大;建议防脱台垂向高度取值范围为100～170 mm.
Influence of Anti-separation Structure of Couplers on Dynamic Performance of Heavy-haul Trains
The installation of an anti-separation structure on the coupler head is an effective solution to prevent the verti-cal separation of train couplers,but the effect of the additional structure on the dynamic performance of the trains re-mains to be studied.Based on the locomotives and wagons of typical 20 000 t heavy-haul trains in China,the remote lo-comotive-wagon interaction model considering the anti-separation structure of locomotive couplers was established.Based on the analysis of the application effects of the anti-separation structure,the effects of the initial coupler height differ-ence,dynamic braking force of the locomotive as well as longitudinal tensile in-train force on the force status of the anti-separation structure and the dynamic performance of the train were studied.Besides,reasonable installation height of the anti-separation structure was proposed.The simulation results indicate that the anti-separation structure can effectively prevent the coupler separation,and the interaction between the structure and the coupler affects the vertical wheel-rail forces slightly.Under lubrication state of coupler knuckle surfaces,the anti-separation structure takes a restraining effect when the initial coupler height difference exceeds 30 mm,with the maximum force increasing slightly with the increase of the initial coupler height difference.The dynamic braking force of the locomotive has little influence on the maximum force of the anti-separation structure,but with the maximum force linearly increasing with the increase of the longitudinal tensile in-train force.The installation height of the anti-separation structure is suggested to be 100～170 mm.
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