Based on the"Input-Process-Output"(IPO)framework,and combined with questionnaire and structural equation modeling analysis,this study explores the multiple factors affecting the process of adult online learning.The results show that self-efficacy and learning environment significantly improve learning satisfaction by increasing learners'engagement,with learning engagement acting as a full mediator.Additionally,gender and overtime frequency as moderating variables have a significant impact on learning satisfaction,particularly for male learners and frequent overtime learners who are more sensitive to the learning satisfaction.To optimize the online learning experience and elevate the digital literacy of the entire population,the following suggestions are proposed:improving learning environment,strengthening the guiding role of teachers,stimulating the enthusiasm of adult learners,providing customized educational services,improving digital educational resources,and establishing a lifelong learning system.
online learningadult educationdigital literacylearning engagementlifelong learning system
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
