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施用不同肥料对藜麦光合生理特性的影响

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探讨施用不同肥料对藜麦光合特性和产量的影响,筛选出适宜旱作藜麦优质高产栽培的最佳肥料,为新疆藜麦旱作生产提供理论参考.以藜麦品种伊藜早 1 号为研究对象,在盆栽条件下开展试验,共设置了 5 个处理,分别为不施肥处理(CK)、生物炭处理(S)、控释肥处理(K)、腐植酸处理(F)和当地施肥处理(D),各处理肥料均作为基肥一次性施入.测定灌浆期藜麦植株高度、茎粗、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、光能利用效率(Eu)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)、成熟期产量等指标.结果表明:藜麦的株高在K处理下显著增高(P<0.05);茎粗在S处理下达到最大值,其与CK和D处理相比,茎粗分别增加了 49.56%和 51.82%;S、K、F、D处理下的SPAD值较CK均显著增加(P<0.05);藜麦在灌浆期的Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Eu和WUE均在K处理下最大;S、K、F、D处理均可以提高藜麦的产量,其中K处理下主穗质量、千粒质量和产量分别比CK增长 185.44%、65.00%、57.64%;相关分析表明,在灌浆期,藜麦的籽粒产量与主穗质量、千粒质量呈极显著相关,主穗质量、千粒质量与净光合速率呈极显著正相关.综上所述,在施肥量一致的情况下,控释肥处理更能满足藜麦生长后期的养分需求,进而实现藜麦高产.
Effects of Different Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Quinoa
Based on the effects of different fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of quinoa,the best fertilizer suit-able for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of quinoa was selected,which provided a theoretical reference for dry farming pro-duction of quinoa in Xinjiang.The experiment was carried out under pot conditions with quinoa variety Yilizao 1 as the research object and five treatments were set up:no fertilization treatment(CK),biochar treatment(S),loss control fertiliser treatment(K),humic acid treatment(F)and local fertilization treatment(D).All the treated fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers at one time.Plant height,stem diameter,relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci),light use efficiency(Eu),instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE)and yield at maturity were measured.The results showed that the plant height of quinoa was significantly increased under K treatment(P<0.05).Stem diame-ter reached its maximum value under S treatment,and increased by 49.56%and 51.82%compared with CK treatment and D treat-ment,respectively.SPAD values under S,K,F and D treatments were significantly increased compared with CK treatments(P<0.05).The Pn,Gs,Tr,Ci,Eu and WUE of quinoa at the filling stage were the highest under K treatment.S,K,F and D treatments could in-crease the yield of quinoa,among which the main panicle weight,1 000-grain weight and yield of quinoa under K treatment increased by 185.44%,65.00%and 57.64%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield of quinoa was significantly correlated with the main panicle weight and 1 000-grain weight at grain filling stage.The main panicle weight and 1 000-grain weight were significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate.In conclusion,under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer,the controlled-release fertilizer treatment could better meet the nutrient requirements of quinoa at the late growth stage,and then realize the high yield of quinoa.

quinoaphotosynthetic physiological characteristicscontrolled release fertilizeryield

马艳雨、蒋梦珂、胡雨彤、冯耀祖、张少民、贾宏涛

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新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

新疆农业科学院科技成果转化中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830091

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藜麦 光合参数 控释肥 产量

自治区重点研发计划项目

2022B02010

2024

天津农业科学
天津农业科学院信息研究所

天津农业科学

影响因子:0.705
ISSN:1006-6500
年,卷(期):2024.30(5)