摘要
为探究"阿尔佤"布朗族的体质特征,研究组于 2022 年 7-8 月在云南省临沧市双江县和耿马县共测量了 389 例(男性 183 例,女性 206 例)"阿尔佤"布朗族成人的头面部与体部指标,并计算体质指数与分型,结果表明:①"阿尔佤"布朗族的上眼睑褶皱率较高,蒙古褶率较低,眼裂高度以中等型为主,眼裂倾斜度大多为外角高,鼻根高度以中等型为主,耳垂类型大多为圆形,上唇(皮肤部)高度以中等型为主.男性鼻背侧面观以直型为主,女性大多为直型和凹型.男性鼻翼宽以宽型为主,女性鼻翼宽大多为中等型和宽型.男性上红唇厚度以厚唇型和中唇型为主,女性以中唇型为主.②除骨盆宽和臀围外,男性的各项体部指标均大于女性.男性和女性身高均以矮型为主.③"阿尔佤"布朗族的圆头型、高头型、中头型、超阔面型、长躯干型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型的出现率最高.④聚类分析显示"阿尔佤"布朗族与布依族、侗族、基诺族、拉祜族比较接近,这与遗传因素、生活环境和饮食习惯等息息相关.⑤族群间u检验显示,"阿尔佤"布朗族与"布朗"布朗族的头宽、额最小宽等 20 项指标的族群间差异在男性和女性中均具有统计学意义.
Abstract
To explore the physical characteristics of"Aerwa"Blang,the research team measured the head,face and body items of 389 adults(183 males,206 females)in Shuangjiang County and Gengma County,Lincang City,Yunnan Province in July and August 2022,and the physical indexes and classifications were calculated.The results showed that:①The upper eye-flod rate of"Aerwa"Blang was high,the Mongoloid fold rate was low,the opening height of eyeslits was mainly medium,the direction of eyeslits was mostly high,the nasal root height was mainly medium,the lobe type was mostly round,the upper lip height was mainly medium.The nasal profile of men was mainly straight,and most of women were straight and concave.The breadth of alae nasi of men was mainly wide,and most of women were middle and wide.The thickness of lips of most of men were thick and middle,and most of women were middle.②Except for the crista iliaca breadth and hip circumference,other physical items of males were higher than those of females.The stature of both males and females were considered as the short-type.③ The rates of the brachycephaly,hypsicephalic and metriocephalic type for head,hypereuryprosopy of face,long trunk,wide chest and wide shoulder circumference as well as broad crista iliaca breadth were the highest in"Aerwa"Blang.④Cluster analysis indicated that physical characteristics of"Aerwa"Blang was relatively close to those of Bouyei,Dong,Jino and Lahu.Genetic factors,environmental conditions and eating habits were the reasons for the similar physical characteristics of these ethnic groups.⑤ The u-test between"Aerwa"Blang and"Blang"Blang showed that the differences in 20 items such as head breadth,minimum frontal breadth,were statistically significant in both males and females.
基金项目
天津市科学技术普及项目(23KPHDRC00160)
国家自然科学基金(32071185)
万方数据