Effects of graphene oxide on root growth,physiology,and anatomy of Trifolium repens L.
To investigate the impact of graphene oxide(GO)on plant roots,GO and Trifolium repens L.,a typical Leguminous plant,were selected as experimental materials.Different mass fractions of GO(0.2％,0.4％,and 0.6％)were introduced into soil during a period of plant cultivation in 100 days,and the responses of root growth,stress physiology,nutrient uptake and root anatomy were examined.The results revealed that as the mass fractions of GO increased,there was a significant decrease in both root growth and root activity in T.repens.Specifically,compared to the control group,the 0.6％GO treatment led to a significant decrease of 31.2％,35.1％,62.5％,94.1％,and 64.6％in root length,root diameter,root volume,root dry weight,and root activity,respectively.Furthermore,the GO treatment significantly increased the activity of antioxidant en-zymes.Concurrently,a decline was observed in the content of mineral nutrients in the roots as the GO mass fractions increased.Notably,the anatomical parameters of conducting tissues in the roots,including periderm thickness,cell layer number,ves-sel diameter and number,vascular cylinder diameter,and phellem thickness,all decreased with the increase of GO mass fractions.These findings suggest that GO can induce oxidative stress,trigger the antioxidant enzyme system,inhibite nutri-ent up-take,disrupt the structure of root conducting tissues,and ultimately impedes root growth.
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