Fertility Policy,Marital Status and Life Satisfaction:Evidence from the Micro Ordinal Data
Life satisfaction is generally measured by a Likert scale designed for questionnaires.Satisfaction is mainly composed of ordinal data,which is used to reflect respondents'subjective evaluation of their own well-being,and is a comprehensive measure based on the comparison of ideal life and real situation.At this stage,consider adjusting and modifying the advantage analysis and index measurement on the basis of base variables(such as continuous data related to income and wealth),and innovating the use of ordinal data(such as life satisfaction,happiness,health satisfaction and other discontinuous data related to spiritual aspects)and ordinal data index measurement methods.By portraying the distribution characteristics of respondents'relevant marriage and childbearing status and life satisfaction in the micro database of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).Comparing the differences in life satisfaction between respondents with marriage and childbearing statuses of single and unmarried,married and divorced and widowed before and after the adjustment of the fertility policy in the whole,male and female genders,and different numbers of children,the polarization and imbalance of the corresponding population characteristics are analyzed.Further,select women of childbearing age between 15 and 49 years old as the main childbearing population,focus on the differences in the distribution,polarisation and imbalance of life satisfaction among women of childbearing age in different age groups,and analyse the heterogeneity of childbearing age in relation to the characteristics of urban and rural areas,the four major regions(eastern,central,western and northeastern regions),and the level of education(primary school and below,secondary school and university and above),and explore ways to improve the quality of life of women of childbearing age.The study also examines how to improve the respondents'life satisfaction in order to improve the current fertility level.The results show that:since the adjustment of the fertility policy,the overall life satisfaction of the respondents increased,and the polarisation and imbalance of the respondents were alleviated to a certain extent;The life satisfaction of the respondents who are married with two children is the highest,and the life satisfaction of women is higher than that of men;The difference in satisfaction between the divorced and widowed respondents is larger.Single unmarried women and married men have the most balanced life satisfaction.Respondents whose number of children changed from one to two before and after the adjustment of the fertility policy showed the greatest relief in the imbalance of life satisfaction.The degree of alleviation of the polarised or unbalanced situation is greater for women of childbearing age in younger age groups;The polarised and unbalanced situation of the childbearing age group is inversely proportional to the urban-rural development,the level of regional development and the level of education.In the course of future development,we should continue to strengthen the construction of the social welfare system,effectively improve individual life satisfaction,and help to raise the fertility intentions and fertility levels of society as a whole.
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