With the rapid development of rail transit construction,shield method,as an efficient and safe tunnel construction method,has been widely used in railway tunnel construction.However,due to the complexity and uncertainty of the construction environment of shield section,various difficult problems are easily encountered during the construction process.How to control the construction cost under complex working conditions has become the key to total project cost control.Based on this,in this paper,combined with actual railway construction projects,the construction difficulties and pain points of the shield section are elaborated in detail,the impact on construction cost control is deeply explored,and targeted construction optimization strategies are proposed.Subsequently,the construction cost control measures and suggestions for shield tunnel under complex working conditions are further systematically discussed to provide reference for similar engineering projects.