Objective To investigate the difference of inflammatory factors and other test indexes between diabetic pa-tients and early diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods 66 patients with diabetic nephropathy admitted to Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the renal early group,and 66 patients with diabetes without renal disease admitted during the same period were selected as the non-renal group.66 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the con-trol group.The renal function indexes,blood glucose indexes and insulin functions of patients in the three groups were counted,and the levels of inflammatory factors were counted,and the differences in the levels of indicators among the three groups were compared.Results Interleukin-1β(0.41±0.13)ng/mL,interleukin-6(13.41±0.57)ng/L,interleu-kin-8(27.10±2.75)ng/L,tumor necrosis factor-α(12.85±1.89)ng/mL and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(7.13±1.16)mg/L in renal early group were significantly higher than that of the non-renal group(0.22±0.05)ng/mL,(9.63±1.27)ng/L,(22.48±3.26)ng/L,(8.56±1.33)ng/mL,(3.23±0.82)mg/L,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The inflammatory factor indexes of control group were significantly lower than that of non-renal group and renal early group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The blood glucose level in renal early group were significantly higher than that in non-renal group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The blood glucose indexes and insulin function indexes of control group were significantly different from those of non-renal group and renal early group,and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05).Conclusion The inflammatory response of diabetic nephropathy patients is more significant than that of diabetic non-renal pa-tients,and renal function indicators are significantly decreased,and there are problems of elevated blood glucose and decreased insulin function.Diabetic patients should be tested for multiple test indicators throughout the year,timely detection and treatment of abnormalities to reduce the risk of diabetic complications.