Objective To explore the effect of nursing based on knowledge-attitude-practice theory on self-care abil-ity and blood glucose control of diabetic patients.Methods A total of 76 diabetic patients admitted to Rencheng Dis-trict People's Hospital of Jining from October 2022 to October 2023 were selected as the research objects.According to different nursing methods,they were divided into routine group and study group,38 cases in each group.The rou-tine group was given routine nursing,and the study group was given nursing based on knowledge-attitude-practice theory.The medication compliance rate,blood glucose level,Exercise of Self-care Agency(ESCA)score and Diabetes Self-efficacy Scale(DSES)score were compared between the two groups.Results The medication compliance rate of the study group was higher than that of the routine group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin A1c in the study group were lower than those in the routine group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The ESCA and DSES scores of the study group were higher than those of the routine group,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant(both P<0.05).Conclusion The nursing based on knowledge-attitude-practice theory can effectively improve the self-care ability and self-efficacy of diabetic patients,and improve the medication compliance rate and blood glu-cose control effect.