美国颁布TikTok禁令行为的定性及应对措施的研究
Research on Qualitative Analysis of the TikTok Ban in the United States and Counter Measures
于跃1
作者信息
- 1. 甘肃政法大学 涉外法治学院,甘肃 兰州 730071
- 折叠
摘要
2023年3月1日,美国以危及"国家安全"为由,颁布TikTok禁令对字节跳动进行单边制裁.单边制裁有一定的国际法合法依据,但是当制裁发起国的行为超过了必要的限度,则应该认定该单边制裁行为违反了国际法.美国的做法未坚持善意原则解释和适用GATT21条,而且违反了国际法基本原则中的"禁止反言"原则,因此,美国对TikTok发起制裁的法律依据是站不住脚的,同时,美国的行为已经超过了单边制裁合法性的限度,违反了本国所承担的条约义务,应该认定该单边制裁行为违反了国际法.为此,我国可以通过加强与美国政府的沟通谈判、进一步完善《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》的相关规定、在用尽当地救济的情形下实施外交保护、探索并建立我国"长臂管辖"制度应对美国此次的制裁.
Abstract
On March 1,2023,the U.S.House of Representatives voted to pass legislation that would allow President Biden to ban TikTok from all devices in the country.On the grounds of endangering"national secu-rity",the United States issued TikTok ban to impose unilateral sanctions on Byte dance,which not only be-longs to the behavior of state interference in commercial affairs,but also has a strong political purpose.Unilateral sanctions have a certain legal basis in international law.However,when the actions of the sanc-tions sponsor go beyond the necessary limits and violate its treaty obligations or customary international law such as the principle of state sovereignty and the principle of non-interference in internal affairs,the unilateral sanctions should be found to be in violation of international law.The unilateral sanctions im-posed by the United States on TikTok on the grounds of"endangering national security"and the relevant ban did not adhere to the principle of good faith to interpret and apply Article 21 of GATT and violated the prin-ciple of estoppel in the basic principles of international law.Therefore,the legal basis for the United States to launch sanctions against TikTok is untenable.The actions of the United States have exceeded the limit of the legality of unilateral sanctions and violated its treaty obligations.The unilateral sanctions should be found to be in violation of international law.To this end,China can respond to the US sanctions by strengthening communication and negotiation with the US government,further improving the relevant provi-sions of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law,implementing diplomatic protection in the case of exhausting local remedies,and exploring and establishing our"long-arm jurisdiction"system.
关键词
单边制裁/安全例外原则/善意原则/反制裁措施Key words
Unilateral Sanctions/Security Exception Principle/The Principle of Good Faith/Counter-Sanctions Measures引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据