首页|Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization
Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization
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Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned systems.Global change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N cycle.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still lacking.Here,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine months.We found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground biomass.The presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability changed.Shifts in plant N∶P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community composition.Furthermore,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF's role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N2O emissions played a marginal role.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduced N2O emissions directly through the promotion of N2O-consuming denitrifiers.The underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial immobilization.Our results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.
N cyclingN enrichmentN uptakeN∶P ratioplant community structuresymbiotic soil fungi
Yangyang JIA、Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN、Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD、Markus JOCHER、Florian WALDER
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Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology,College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Ürümqi 830046(China)
Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions,Agroscope,Zürich 8046(Switzerland)
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology,University of Zürich,Zürich 8008(Switzerland)
Research Group Climate and Agriculture,Agroscope,Zürich 8046(Switzerland)
Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use,Agroscope,Zürich 8046(Switzerland)
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国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金Key Laboratory Project,Xinjiang,China中国博士后科学基金Swiss National Science Foundation
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