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深井超深井大尺寸井眼钻具疲劳失效分析与防控

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地球深部蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,随着深井超深井钻井数量的递增,钻具失效(断钻具、钻具刺漏)事故呈现逐年递增趋势.为进一步明确深井超深井大尺寸井眼钻具失效原因、减少钻具失效事故,梳理了近年来中国石油西部三大油田钻具失效情况及特征,并以西部油田某口典型超深井Ø444.50 mm井眼连续 5 次断钻具事故为对象开展原因分析.首先基于弹性动力学密哈顿原理(Hamilton's principle)和纽马克方法(Newmark-β)建立了钻具动力学模型,结合雨流法和Miner疲劳损伤累积理论实现对钻具运动、受力及疲劳寿命的定量评价,并验证了模型的准确性,最后提出了大尺寸井眼预防断钻具配套工艺措施.研究结果表明:①深井超深井中钻具失效主要发生在上部大尺寸井段,失效位置多集中在下部钻具接头或本体尺寸较小的薄弱位置;②因钻具横向振动诱发高频弯曲应力是导致钻具疲劳失效的主要因素,持续剧烈的横向振动在数小时内会导致钻具疲劳失效;③提高下部钻具组合刚度、使用"高钻压+低转速"参数钻进有助于降低钻具横振强度;④因钻具组合刚度偏小、钻井参数不合理导致下部钻具剧烈横向振动,叠加"中性点"在钻具接头及本体尺寸较小等薄弱位置反复交替,是典型案例井连续断钻具的直接原因.结论认为,建立的模型可以定量评估钻具疲劳失效情况,提出的预防措施可为深井超深井大尺寸井眼预防钻具失效提供技术参考.
Analysis and prevention&control of fatigue failure of drilling tools in large-sized wellbores of deep and ultra-deep wells
There are abundant oil and gas resources in the deep parts of the earth.As more and more deep and ultra-deep wells are drilled,the number of drilling tool failure accidents(breaking and leakage)increases gradually year after year.In order to further clarify the reasons for drilling tool failure in large-sized wellbores of deep and ultra-deep wells and reduce the accidents of drilling tool failure,this paper reviews the behaviors and characteristics of recent drilling tool failure in PetroChina's three major oilfields in the western China,and analyzes the reasons for 5 consecutive accidents of drilling tool breaking in 17-1/2"wellbore of a typical ultra-deep well in one oilfield of western China.Firstly,the drilling tool dynamics model is established based on the Hamilton principle and the Newmark-β method.Then combined with the rain-flow method and the Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory,the movement,stress and fatigue life of drilling tool are quantitatively evaluated,and the accuracy of the model is verified.Finally,the drilling technological measures for preventing drilling tool breaking in large-sized wellbores are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,drilling tools failure mainly occur in upper large-sized wellbores of deep and ultra-deep wells,with the failure positions concentrating at the joint of lower tool or the weak part of small-sized tool.Second,high-frequency bending stress induced by lateral vibration of drilling tool is the main factor leading to fatigue failure of drilling tools,and continuous severe lateral vibration can lead to fatigue failure of drilling tools within hours.Third,increasing BHA stiffness and drilling with"high WOB+low RPM"can help to reduce lateral vibration severity of drilling tools.Fourth,the severe lateral vibration caused by small BHA stiffness and inappropriate drilling parameters,combined with the repeated alternation of"neutral point"at tool joints and weak parts of small-sized tools,is the direct cause of the consecutive drilling tool breaking in the typical case well.In conclusion,the proposed model can be used to quantitatively evaluate the fatigue failure of drilling tools,and the prevention measures can provide technical reference for preventing drilling tool failure in large-sized wellbores of deep and ultra-deep wells.

Deep and ultra-deep wellsLarge-sized wellboresDrill string dynamicsLateral vibrationHigh-frequency bending stressFatigue failurePrevention and control measures

马勇、张佳伟、范宇、黄洪春、邹灵战、卓鲁斌、邢星、李洪、刘斌

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中国石油西南油气田公司

中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司

中国石油西南油气田公司工程技术研究院

中国石油青海油田公司钻采工艺研究院

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深井超深井 大尺寸井眼 钻柱动力学 横向振动 高频弯曲应力 疲劳失效 防控措施

中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目&&中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司科学研究与技术开发课题

2022ZG062020B-4019CPET202315

2024

10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.06.008

天然气工业
四川石油管理局 中国石油西南油气田公司 中国石油川庆钻探工程公司

天然气工业

CSTPCD北大核心EI
影响因子：2.298
ISSN：1000-0976
年,卷(期)：2024.44(6)
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