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非常规储层压裂支撑剂多级裂缝运移和沉降规律

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水力压裂过程中支撑剂在裂缝中有效填充是形成高导流裂缝通道的关键.目前,关于支撑剂在裂缝中运移与沉降规律的研究方法多为物理实验或数值模拟,且主要聚焦支撑剂沉降结果,对支撑运移和沉降机理的研究较少.为进一步揭示支撑剂在裂缝中的运移和沉降规律,采用实验与数值模拟结合的方法探究了支撑剂尺寸、注入速度以及压裂液黏度对支撑剂在单一与交叉裂缝中的运移沉降行为的影响.研究结果表明:①支撑剂尺寸主要通过对沉降角的影响决定颗粒运移的分布,支撑剂尺寸越大,颗粒沉降角越大,运移距离越短;②注入速度对砂丘形态影响较大,当注入速度从0.2 m/s增加至1.0 m/s时,单一裂缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比和最大高度都明显降低,而分支缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比增加34.3%,表现出与单一裂缝中相反的变化趋势;③压裂液黏度主要影响流体携砂能力,随着压裂液黏度增加,主裂缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比降低8.4%,砂丘最大高度下降6.1 cm,而在分支裂缝内表现为先增加后降低.结论认为,分支裂缝与主裂缝内支撑剂运移受施工因素影响往往表现出不同变化规律,该研究成果将进一步完善了水力压裂相关理论认识,同时为压裂现场施工设计优化提供了理论支撑.
Migration and settlement laws of proppant in multi-scale fractures during the fracturing in the unconventional reservoirs
The effective proppant packing in fractures is crucial to the formation of high-conductivity fracture channels during hydraulic fracturing.At present,the researches on proppant migration and settlement laws in fractures are mainly performed by means of physical experiment or numerical simulation,and mainly focus on the results of proppant settlement,but with less emphasis on the mechanisms of proppant migration and settlement.To gain further insights into proppant migration and settlement laws in fractures,this paper combines experiment with numerical simulation to study the influences of proppant size,injection velocity and fracturing fluid viscosity on the migration and settlement behaviors of proppant in single and cross fractures.The following research results are obtained.First,proppant size controls the distribution of particle migration mainly by influencing settlement angles.The larger the proppant size,the larger the settlement angle and the shorter the migration distance.Second,injection velocity has a great influence on the shape of the sand dune.When the injection velocity increases from 0.2 m/s to 1.0 m/s,the effective supporting area ratio and maximum height of sand dune in a single fracture decrease significantly,while the effective supporting area ratio of sand dune in a branch fracture increases by 34.3%,showing an opposite trend to that in a single fracture.Third,fracturing fluid viscosity mainly affects the sand-carrying capacity of the fluid.With the increase of fracturing fluid viscosity,the effective supporting area ratio and maximum height of sand dune decrease by 8.4%and 6.1 cm in the main fracture,but increases first and then decreases in the branch fracture.In conclusion,proppant migration in branch fractures and main fractures often shows different laws under the influence of operation factors.The research results will further improve the theoretical understanding of hydraulic fracturing and provide theoretical support for the optimization of fracturing operation design.

Unconventional oil and gasHydraulic fracturingBranch fractureCross fracturesProppant migration and settlementOperation factorsLaboratory experimentNumerical simulation

汪杰、赵康佳、付珊珊、续化蕾、张良君、江厚顺

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非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心·长江大学

长江大学石油工程学院

油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室

非常规油气 水力压裂 分支裂缝 交叉裂缝 支撑剂运移沉降 施工因素 室内实验 数值模拟

国家自然科学基金面上项目非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心(长江大学)开放基金湖北省自然科学基金-面上类型项目(青年)

52274028UOG2024-042021CFB249

2024

10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.07.009

天然气工业
四川石油管理局 中国石油西南油气田公司 中国石油川庆钻探工程公司

天然气工业

CSTPCD北大核心EI
影响因子：2.298
ISSN：1000-0976
年,卷(期)：2024.44(7)