摘要
随着勘探开发技术的进步和成本的降低,全球高含硫天然气藏的勘探开发取得了显著进展,但目前针对全球高含硫天然气藏的资源分布和共性地质特征的相关研究较少.为此,在对全球高含硫气藏调研分析的基础上,系统总结了其储量分布特点、天然气地球化学特征、油气成藏条件与富集规律,分析了全球高含硫天然气藏勘探开发历程和关键技术,指出了高含硫天然气资源的安全高效利用的重要意义.研究结果表明:①高含硫天然气藏主要分布在特提斯域中段与前陆相关的叠合盆地三叠系、侏罗系、石炭系和二叠系4个层系,其中石灰岩和白云岩发现的储量超过90％;②高含硫天然气藏一般具有高甲烷、中CO2、低N2含量和硫同位素分馏小的特点;③大型高含硫天然气藏具有优越烃源岩条件,发育优质碳酸盐岩储层与封闭条件良好的膏盐岩盖层,其形成往往经历了高温高能环境并经过多期次调整成藏;④全球高含硫天然气藏经历了 2个储量快速增长阶段,主要产量集中在卡塔尔、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、中国和阿曼等5个国家;⑤形成了元素硫溶解和沉积伤害评价、高含硫气井井下节流器、高含硫气藏防腐以及天然气净化等关键开发技术,并建立了高含硫天然气藏安全开发标准和制度、管理与决策体系.结论认为,高含硫天然气田在区域构造位置、储层地质层位和岩性等方面分布极不均衡,大型气藏分布相对集中,天然气地球化学特征明显,气藏形成需要特殊的地质条件,形成的系列适用的勘探开发理论技术为全球高含硫天然气资源的安全高效利用提供了重要的参考和指导.
Abstract
With the advancement of exploration and development technologies and the reduction of costs,significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of high-sulfur gas reservoirs around the world.At present,however,there is limited research on the resource distribution and common geological characteristics of high-sulfur gas reservoirs worldwide.Therefore,based on an investigation and analysis of global high-sulfur gas reservoirs,this paper systematically summarizes their reserve distribution characteristics,natural gas geochemical features,and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns.In addition,the history and key technologies of high-sulfur gas reservoir exploration and development in the world are analyzed,and the important significance of the safe and efficient utilization of high-sulfur gas resources is illustrated.The following results are obtained.First,high-sulfur gas reservoirs are primarily distributed in the Triassic,Jurassic,Carboniferous and Permian strata in the superimposed basins related to the foreland within the central segment of the Tethyan domain,where the reserves from limestone and dolomite account for more than 90％.Second,high-sulfur gas reservoirs are generally characterized by high methane content,moderate CO2 content,low N2 content,and small sulfur isotope fractionation of hydrogen sulfide.Third,large high-sulfur gas reservoirs have favorable hydrocarbon source rock conditions,developed high-quality carbonate reservoirs and well-sealed gypsum salt cap rocks,and their formation often goes through a high-temperature and high-energy environment with multiple periods of adjustment.Fourth,global high-sulfur gas reservoirs have experienced two stages of rapid reserve growth,with the main production concentrated in Qatar,Kazakhstan,Russia,China and Oman.Fifth,a series of key development technologies have been developed,including elemental sulfur dissolution and deposition damage assessment,downhole chokes for high sulfur gas wells,corrosion prevention for high sulfur gas reservoirs,and natural gas purification,and a safety development standard and system and a management and decision-making system have been established for high-sulfur gas reservoirs.In conclusion,high-sulfur gas fields are unevenly distributed in terms of regional tectonic location,reservoir geological horizon,and lithology.Large gas reservoirs are relatively concentrated,and the geochemical characteristics of natural gas are distinct.The formation of gas reservoirs requires special geological conditions.The formation of a series of applicable exploration and development theories and technologies provides important reference and guidance for the safe and efficient utilization of global high-sulfur gas resources.
维普
万方数据