Russia and China have abundant proved reserves of high-sulfur natural gas,and the natural gas industries of both countries are challenged by the treatment and utilization of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in the process of safe and efficient development of high-sulfur natural gas.In this paper,various promising hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen(H2S to H2)production methods are investigated,and the carbon footprints of H2S thermal decomposition and H2S conversion technologies are analyzed and evaluated systematically.The following results are obtained.First,the carbon footprint of the H2 production through catalytic conversion of methane(CH4)and H2S is 4.65 kg CO2 emission equivalent(CO2-eq.)for the production of 1 kg H2,while that of H2 production through thermal equilibrium(electric arc)plasma cracking under grid power supply is 6.13 kg CO2-eq..Second,when the renewable energy power with low emission is employed,the total emission of greenhouse gases in the process of H2 production through CH4-H2S conversion and that in the process of H2S thermal decomposition are 2.05-2.33 kg CO2 and 2.38-2.78 kg CO2 for the production of 1 kg H2,respectively.Third,when low-carbon power is used to ensure the electricity demand in the H2S to H2 production process,the emission index of H2 production from H2S is close to that of H2 production through water electrolysis,but in individual cases,the emission of greenhouse gases during H2 production from H2S is even lower.Fourth,the international experience in the field of hydrogen certification is comparatively analyzed based on the characteristics of Russian hydrogen production,and the BRICS based international hydrogen certification standard collaboration method is proposed.In conclusion,the H2S to H2 production process will be applied in high-sulfur oil fields after its successful application.The hydrogen certification proposal based on T/CAB 0078-2020 standard recommended by China is the most balanced and reasonable method.What's more,the BRICS's energy and climate research platform can serve as a promising hydrogen certification requirement discussion platform,and the BRICS'cooperation in the field of energy and climate research can ensure the sustainable development of energy resources,promote the popularization of related processes and the innovation of technologies,and diversify the channels of acquiring modern energy carriers.
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